The language issue is a definitively resolved issue -at least in law context- for modern Greek social reality. However, as a means of ideological and social enforcement, it has plagued Greek society for centuries. We will try, therefore, to define the language issue, to follow its evolution from the Hellenistic period until its final resolution, and we are going to resume what were its consequences in the ideological confrontations, the political life and the education politics of the modern Greek state.